1521:

Martin Luther excommunicated

In the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, Luther was officially banned by the papacy; however, his case was not really closed until after his hearing at the Diet of Worms in April.

1322:

King Philip V of France

1641:

Jeremiah Horrocks

Horrocks (also spelled Horrox) was a British astronomer who made the first recorded observation of the transit of Venus. He also deduced the solar parallax, corrected the solar diameter, made tidal observations, and applied Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the Moon, thus greatly adding to our understanding of the motion of celestial bodies.