1229:

Frederick II crowns himself king of Jerusalem

When he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III, Frederick took a vow to go on Crusade, but he put off the expedition to settle matters in Italy. When he was at last ready to depart in 1227, an epidemic set him back further. The new pope, Gregory IX, disregarded the emperor's justification for delay and excommunicated him for failing to go on Crusade.

Frederick ignored the excommunication and set sail for the Holy Land, where he entered into complex negotiations with the Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt that confirmed his control of Jerusalem. He crowned himself in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

1227:

Pope Honorius III

Honorius developed the policies of his predecessor, Pope Innocent III, concentrating on church reform and crusades.