1. Education

Byzantine Military History

Ancient History: Walls of Constantinople

In-depth look at the fortifications of Constantinople and their fall in 1453, by Comer Plummer III at Military History Magazine, online at TheHistoryNet.

Gothic War: Byzantine Count Belisarius Retakes Rome

Comprehensive overview of the Byzantine general's attempt to retake the city of Rome from the Goths, by Erik Hildinger at Military History magazine, online at TheHistoryNet.

Fall of Constantinople, 1453

Substantial overview of the situation leading up to the seige and the events that brought about the fall of Byzantium's capital, by Dionysios Hatzopoulos.

The Siege of Constantinople (1453), according to Nicolo Barbaro

Translation by John Melville-Jones of the eyewitness account, made available at De Re Militari, the Society for Medieval Military History.

The Siege of Constantinople (1453), according to George Sphrantzes

Translation by by Marios Philippides of the chronicle by a Byzantine courtier, at De Re Militari.

Constantine XI and Mehmed II: the fall of Constantinople 1448-53

Chapter 18 from Donald Nicol's Last Centuries of Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 1993), posted at Alan Fisher's website for his course on The Middle East: Period of Ottoman Domination.

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