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Natural Science in the Middle Ages
The Aurora of 1192: Its Causes and Effects
Fascinating work by Lynn H. Nelson explores the geophysical causes of the unusually intense Aurora and how the people of medieval times reacted to the phenomenon. Vanilla text.
A Medieval Response to Municipal Pollution
Well-supported paper by Robert Laures explains the medieval tradition of environmental control and the preservation of natural resources. Vanilla text.
Mythical Plants of the Middle Ages
Brief explanation of seven different plants, each accompanied by woodcut-style illustrations, by James L. Matterer.
Nature Described: Learning to Look at the World
Botany, geology, and the exploration of the world around us, at the Vatican Library.