Medieval History

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The New Testament having been written primarily in Greek and the Old Testament in Hebrew, the Christian Bible was not readily understood by many scholars in fourth-century Latin-speaking Rome. A reliable translation was sorely needed, and in 382 Pope Damasus commissioned Jerome, the leading biblical scholar of his day, to produce one. Although Jerome's Vulgate edition was not immediately accepted, parts of it formed the core for most editions used throughout the Middle Ages, and in 1546 the Council of Trent decreed it the exclusive Latin authority for the Bible.


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