BALDWIN II., count of Edessa (1100-1118), king of Jerusalem (1118-1131),
originally known as Baldwin de Burg, was a son of Count Hugh of Rethel,
and a nephew of Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin I. He appears on the
first crusade at Constantinople as one of Godfrey's men; and he helped
Tancred to occupy Bethlehem in June 1099. After the capture of Jerusalem
he served for a time with Bohemund at Antioch; but when Baldwin of
Edessa became king of Jerusalem, he summoned Baldwin de Burg, and left
him as count in Edessa. From Edessa Baldwin conducted continual forays
against the Mahommedan princes; and in the great foray of 1104, in which
he was joined by Bohemund, he was defeated and captured at Balich.
Tancred became guardian of Edessa during Baldwin's captivity, and did
not trouble himself greatly to procure his release. Baldwin, however,
recovered his liberty at the beginning of 1108, and at once entered
upon a struggle with Tancred for the recovery of Edessa. In September
1108 he regained his principality; but the struggle with Tancred
continued, until it was composed by Baldwin in 1109. For the next ten
years Baldwin ruled his principality with success, if not without
severity. Planted in the farthest Christian outpost in northern Syria,
he had to meet many attacks, especially from Mardin and Mosul, in
revenge for the provocation offered by his own forays and those of the
restless Tancred. In 1110 he was besieged in Edessa, and relieved by
Baldwin I.; in 1114 he repelled an attack by Aksunkur of Mosul; in 1115
he helped to defeat Aksunkur at Danith. At the same time, if Matthew of
Edessa may be trusted, he also carried his arms against the Armenians,
and plundered in his avarice every Armenian of wealth and position. In
1118 he was on his way to spend Easter at Jerusalem, when he received
the news of the death of Baldwin I.; and when he arrived at Jerusalem,
he was made king, chiefly by the influence of the patriarch Arnulf. In a
reign of thirteen years, Baldwin II. extended the kingdom of Jerusalem
to its widest limits. His reign is marked by almost incessant fighting
in northern Syria. In 1119, after the defeat and death of Roger of
Antioch, he defeated the amirs of Mardin and Damascus at Danith; in
subsequent years he extended his sway to the very gates of Aleppo. In
1123 he was captured by Balak of Mardin, and confined in Kharput with
Joscelin, his successor in the county of Edessa, who had been captured
in the previous year. During his captivity Eustace Graverius became
regent of Jerusalem, and succeeded, with the aid of the Venetians, in
repelling an Egyptian attack, and even in capturing Tyre, 1124. In 1124
Baldwin II. succeeded in securing his liberty, under conditions which he
instantly broke; and he at once embarked on strenuous and not
unsuccessful hostilities against Aleppo and Damascus (1124-1127),
exacting tribute from both. During his reign he twice acted as regent in
Antioch (1119, 1130), and in 1126 he married his daughter Alice to
Bohemund II. In 1128 he offered the hand of his eldest daughter,
Melisinda, to Fulk of Anjou, who had been recommended to him by Honorius
II. In 1129 Fulk came and married Melisinda, and in 1131, on the death
of Baldwin, he succeeded to the crown.
Baldwin II. had much of
the churchmanship of Godfrey and Baldwin I.; but he appears most
decidedly as an incessant warrior, under whom the Latin domination in
the East stretched, as Ibn al-Athir writes, in a long line from Mardin
in the North to el-Arish on the Red Sea - a line only broken by the
Mahommedan powers of Aleppo, Hamah, Horns and Damascus. The Franks
controlled the great routes of trade, and took tolls of the traders; and
in 1130 their power may be regarded as having reached its height.
This article is from the 1911 edition of an
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public domain and you may copy, download, print and distribute this work
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